AC-DC power converters ANPC converter Chemical engineering DC-DC powerconverters EV charging Kalman filter Kalman filtering PWM methods SiC MOSFETs Technology: general issues Z-source battery automated system battery energy storage systems bidirectional converters computational cost continuous conduction mode (CCM) discontinuous conduction mode electric vehicles electromagnetic impedance spectroscopy first-order model grid interfaceconverters high-gain non-inverting buck-boost converter impedance network intellectual property machine learning multilevel converter multilevel converters online prediction online state estimation