History of engineering & technology Medical microbiology & virology Microbiology (non-medical) Science: general issues Technology: general issues antibacterial property antifouling property artificial neural network biofouling bioreactor carbonate ions control method dip-coating dyes electron transfer fertilizers flat sheet flux forward osmosis (FO) fouling prediction halide ions hollow fibre humic acid influencing factors mathematical model membrane membrane bioreactor membrane distillation membrane fouling methane