3D simulation History of engineering & technology RGB vegetation index Technology: general issues UAV-assisted calibration YOLOv3 adaptive dynamic refined single-stage transformer detector air-to-ground synchronization arbitrary-oriented object detection in satellite optical imagery convolutional neural network (CNN) cross-view matching crowd estimation deep learning deep learning (DL) drone dynamic feature refinement feature pyramid network (FPN) feature pyramid transformer green view index (GVI) habitat identification invasive species multi-camera system multiview semantic vegetation index quad feature pyramid network (Quad-FPN) semantic segmentation ship detection similarity algorithm for water extraction space alignment spatiotemporal feature map synthetic aperture radar (SAR)