HGR maximal correlation History of engineering & technology K-means clustering Lempel–Ziv algorithm Technology: general issues analytical error probability anomaly detection artificial general intelligence atypicality closed-loop transcription component overlap deep neural network distribution and federated learning empirical risk entropy fairness feature extraction finite state machines generalization error hidden Markov models independence criterion independent and non-identically distributed features information criteria information theoretic learning information theory information-theoretic bounds interpretability linear discriminative representation local information geometry long short-term memory