Abaqus Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Galerkin method Galerkin projection History of engineering & technology Kolmogorov n-width Kutta condition LES Large Eddy Simulation (LES) OpenFOAM PIV RANS closures Reynolds stress tensor Updated Lagrangian adaptive filter backward-facing step body fitted buildings closure model coherent structures compressible flow computational aerodynamics computational fluid dynamics computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation crater dimensions cubic B-spline basis functions deep residual neural network explicit filtering explicit time integration finite element method (FEM)