FE (Finite Element) AutoForm robust analysis History of engineering & technology Mining technology & engineering Technology: general issues UTS air-bending aluminum alloy artificial intelligence artificial neural network artificial neural networks (ANN) attention mechanism buckling instability complex network clustering convolution neural network convolutional neural networks deep learning deep-drawing defect classification defect prediction edge defects feature selection finite element analysis full-field measurements generative adversarial network high-dimensional data hot rolled strip steel hot rolling strip intelligent recognition kriging metamodeling machine learning