Chemical engineering DAMASK EBSD L-Leucinium hydrogen maleate Magnesium Raman spectroscopy SEM-DIC Technology: general issues VEDDAC X-ray diffraction XRD alternative error method aluminum wires bending crystal characteristics complex variable function method crack creep crystal plasticity crystallographic misorientation cubic quasicrystal piezoelectric materials damage mechanics defect and grain structure evolution densitometry density detwinning digital image correlation discrete dislocation dynamics dislocation dual-phase steel