DNA damage Halpin-Tsai LEIS PANI SEM Technology: general issues adhesives biobased polymer nanocomposites cellulose nanocrystal cellulose nanofibers cohesive zone model composite fiber conducting polymer corrosion crystallization cytotoxicity directional freeze-drying elastic recovery electrical conductivity electrospinning elongational flow fabric finite element method graphene graphene nanoplatelets graphene oxide graphene oxide-platinum nanoparticles nanocomposites graphene polymer matrix composite graphene-polymer nanocomposite graphene/polymer interface