Big Rip Green’s function Physics Research & information: general Weber force Weber’s electrodynamics alpha-particle clustering astrophysics atomic physics axion bipolar pulses bulk flow charge exchange classical and quantum physics complexity cosmological constant dark matter diatomic molecules discrepancy between theories and experiments dispersive media electric field electrical engineering electrodynamics electromagnetism electron impact excitation of hydrogen atoms electron impact excitation of hydrogen molecules emergence empires few cycle pulses few-cycle pulses