Al Qaeda Boko Haram Boundaries Bruce Whitehouse Caitriona Dowd Christian Leuprecht Daniel Cunningham David B. Skillicorn Islam Islamic Maghreb Islamic State Islamic fundamentalism Jaume Castan Pinos Kristen Tsolis Nikolas Emmanuel Political violence Quan Zheng Religious aspects Sahara-Sahel Sean F. Everton Steven M. Radil Violence Walther West Africa William F. Miles William F.S. Miles border conflict terrorism terrorist groups