2-combination Daphnia magna Raphidocelis subcapitata algae growth models androgen deprivation therapy articular cartilage asymptotic theory bacterial competition bacterial inflammation bifurcations bootstrapping cartilage degeneration cartilage loading cell-based vector chemostat chronic myeloid leukemia combination therapy data fitting delay delay differential equations (DDE) differential equations drug therapy dynamic model dynamical system epidermis equilibrium points flocculation generalized pseudo amino acid composition global asymptotic stability global stability