4-nonylphenol Civil engineering, surveying & building History of engineering & technology IR spectroscopy Intrinsically conducting polymers Lithium salts Mechanical engineering & materials PMMA adsorption biodegradable polymer conducting polymer composites crazing cross-linker crystallization behavior electrochemical detection electrolytes fast response and recovery free-ion concentration high pressure humidity sensing in-situ polymerization ionic liquid ionic liquids layered double hydroxide mechanical behavior microwave nanocomposite nanomaterials nucleation permeability