AMPK ATGs Autophagy Beclin-1 COPD Crohn's disease FOXO HCC therapy LC3 MTOR Medicine Notoginsenoside R1 PAH PINK1 Paneth cell Parkin Sertoli cell TFEB acute kidney injury acute lung injury aging apoptosis autophagic flux autophagy biomarkers caloric restriction cardiac dysfunction cell death cirrhosis cystic fibrosis