Technology: general issues TiC alloy design binders biomedical materials bulk metallic glass (BMG) carbide face-centered cubic (FCC) structure fatigue behavior high entropy alloys high-entropy alloy high-entropy alloys high-entropy carbides high-entropy hardmetals industrial-grade zirconium raw material intermetallic laser beam welding mechanical properties microstructure phase stability refractory metals saturation magnetostriction coefficient soft magnetic properties tribological properties wear mechanism