AUD–USD exchange rate American-type option Coins, banknotes, medals, seals (numismatics) EBIT International Valuation Standards (IVS) Monte Carlo simulation RAROC artificial neural networks business finance cost of sales customer relationship management (CRM), Big Data diffusion earnings management economic security of companies exchange rate exchange traded funds exchange-rate risk financial innovations financial modelling global economy homogeneity legal disputes over intellectual rights loan origination loan pricing long-range dependency multi-frequency analysis multi-layer perceptron omnichannel (omni-channel) sales optimal stopping prediction