Cable3D DC micro grid DC motor DC-DC buck converter DC-DC converters Helmholtz number adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) air gap eccentricity air-handling unit (AHU) average-current mode control bifurcations in control parameter boost-flyback converter bridgeless converter buck converter calculation method capacitance current capacitance current pulse train control centralized vs. decentralized control combined heat and power unit contraction analysis coordinated control system corrugated pipe current mode control current-pulse formation data-driven decoupling control discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) distributed architecture disturbance observer droop control