24-h ECG monitoring 2D echocardiography Cardiovascular medicine E/e' ratio HFrEF Medicine NT-proBNP ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction acute myocardial infarction adverse left ventricular remodeling angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor arteriovenous fistulas biomarkers blood biomarkers cardiac allograft vasculopathy cardiopulmonary exercise test cardiovascular disease chronic heart failure chronic kidney disease clinical assessment congestion diagnosis dilated cardiomyopathy echocardiography edema ejection fraction endothelial dysfunction epicardial fat fatty liver fibrosis