1-octen-3-ol 1-pentanol 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) FTIR HRMAS NMR History of engineering & technology MOS MOX Technology: general issues anaerobic digestion anchovies biorefinery circular economy composite foam d-limonene deliquescence diacetyl fermentation furfural (FU) gas sensor granular activated carbon graphene heat storage hexanal hydrochar hydrothermal carbonization in situ characterization inhibition ionic liquids levulinic acid (LA)