African swine fever virus (ASFV) Alzheimer’s disease AuNPs History of engineering & technology Mie theory SERS analysis SPR SPR biosensor TREM2 sensors Technology: general issues avidin-biotin interaction biosensors caspase cell-based assay chlorophene electronic noses emerging pollutant enzyme fluorescence detection gold nanorods hotspots human coronavirus hybrid materials hydroxychloroquine laccase localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) metal–graphene hybrid molecular sensing odorants