3D simulation Alberta Pannonian basin Technology: general issues Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin abandoned hydrocarbon well ammonia-water solution balancing well balneology bioclimatic architecture bleeding rate bottomhole temperatures chemical coupling climate change coefficient of performance (COP) conventional geothermal direct heat use disequilibrium dynamic simulation effective thermal conductivity energy efficiency enhanced geothermal system external fin finned U-tube flexible demand production flow direction geothermal geothermal cascade use geothermal energy granite fracture