AdaBoost History of engineering & technology Portland cement SEM SWRC Technology: general issues artificial neural networks biopolymer calcium-based stabilizer cellulose nanofibre cement cement-treated soil cemented iron ore tailings behaviour compaction deep mixing method earth reinforcement ettringite excess pore water pressure fibers filtered tailings stacking geotextiles ground improvement gypseous soil k-nearest neighbor machine learning mechanical properties moisture content multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) non-calcium-based stabilizer numerical analysis