BEV EV Electric Vehicle (EV) Energy Storage Device (ESD) Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems (GCPVS) Intelligent Energy Management System (iEMS) Multiport Converter (MPC) active harmonic filter batteries battery electric vehicle battery energy storage systems (BESS) charging station decision theory decision-making distribution network planning distribution system economic analysis electrical energy storage systems electricity market energy storage system fast charge harmonics load leveling microgrid planning optimization planning plug-in power quality robust optimization scheduling